====== Bern Medical Cyclotron ======

===== References =====
  * [[https://www.lhep.unibe.ch/research/medical_applications/facility/index_eng.html|Facility Page]]
  * {{ :facilities:irradiation:bern_medical_cyclotron:sipm_workshop_-_cyclotron_for_rh.pdf |Presentation}}
  * [[https://arxiv.org/pdf/2201.04176.pdf|JINST Paper]]

===== Beam Parameters =====
 
^ Beam Source ^ Particle Type ^ Flux ($cm^{-2} s^{-1}$) ^ Energy ^ Notes ^ 
| IBA Cyclone 18/18 | proton | $10^9$ to $10^{12}$ | 18MeV | 8 exit ports for targets/Beam Transfer Line |
| IBA Cyclone 18/18 | neutrons | ~$10^9$ | TBD | produced through converter targets at the end of the BTL|

===== Facility =====

The Bern medical cyclotron is a facility which focuses on the production of radiopharmaceuticals as well general scientific research. The former done through [[https://www.swanisotopen.ch/en/|SWAN Isotopen AG]], whereas the later is done through the [[https://www.lhep.unibe.ch/|Laboratory for High energy Physics]] (LHEP) at the university of Bern. Scientific research through LHEP include medical applications, beam monitoring and **radiation hardness studies**.

$H_{2}$ molecules are converted into $H^{-}$ ions through an electrical arc and subsequently accelerated inside the cyclotron up to 18MeV. Before exiting, the electrons are stripped from the $H^{-}$ ions to produce a pure proton beam. A schematic of the facility is shown in the figure below 

{{ :facilities:irradiation:bern_medical_cyclotron:cyclotron_drawing_v4.jpg?direct&600 |}}

The protons are directed into a separate bunker (as depicted in the figure below) via a beam transfer line. It is 6.5m long and consists of 1 dipole doublet for horizontal/vertical steering and 2 quadrupole doublets for focusing. An additional neutron shutter (to stop the neutron flux) is included. 2 beam viewers provide a destructive beam current measurement.

{{ :facilities:irradiation:bern_medical_cyclotron:closedcyclotron.jpg?nolink&600|Beam Transfer Line photo}}
{{:facilities:irradiation:bern_medical_cyclotron:bern_proton_btl.png?nolink&600|Beam Transfer Line schematic}}

Collimators allow for proton beams to have an area of $1cm^2 \times 1 cm^2$ to $3cm^2 \times 3 cm^2$. Setups can be placed in front of the collimator on a motorized linear actuator. Setups can be irradiated in "passive mode". However, it is also possible to take data during the irradiation  via a patch panel (connected to the physics laboratory).