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--- facilities:irradiation:trentoprotontherapycenter [17:39 25/05/2022] – created jhulsman
+++ facilities:irradiation:trentoprotontherapycenter [12:08 01/06/2022] (current) – [Beam Parameters] jhulsman
@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 ===== References =====
-  * [[|Facility Page]]
+  * [[http://www.tifpa.infn.it/sc-init/med-tech/p-beam-research|Facility Page]]
-  * {{ |Presentation}}
+  * {{ :facilities:irradiation:trentoprotontherapycenter:benedettodiruzza_sipmginevra2022.pdf |Presentation}}
 ===== Beam Parameters =====
 ^ Beam Source ^ Particle Type ^ Flux ($cm^{-2} s^{-1}$) ^ Energy ^ Notes ^
-| | | | | |
+| Cylotron (operated by [[ https://www.iba-worldwide.com|IBA Company]]) | proton| $3.8*10^6$ to $2.3*10^8$ | 70.2MeV to 228.2MeV|Beam with Gaussian intensity profile. Gaussian peak and sigma change with energy.|
 ===== Facility =====
+The Trento Proton Therapy Center (TPTC) is a dedicated facility for treating tumors with protons. The facility is equipped with two rooms: i) for patient treatments and ii) for experimental purposes (physics and/or biophysics).
+Protons are supplied by a Cyclotron with an energy of 230 MeV. These are then extracted and focused into a graphite-made energy degrader where the proton energy can be decreased to 70 MeV. The beams can then be redirected into the gantry rooms for patient treatment (offset by $30^{o}$ from the beam line) or into the "Experimental Cave". There the beamlines can be used for in-air irradiation (see figure below).
+{{ :facilities:irradiation:trentoprotontherapycenter:trento_exparea.png?direct |}}
+The beam flux and width depend on the proton energy. Their dependency/correlation is listed in the table below
+^ Energy (MeV) ^ Average $\sigma$ (mm) ^ Flux (p/s) ^
+| 70.2 | 6.92 | $3.8 \times 10^6$ |
+| 100 | 5.68 | $1.2 \times 10^7$ |
+| 142.9 | 4.56 |$3.6 \times 10^7$ |
+| 169.4 | 4.00 |$7.4 \times 10^7$ |
+| 202.4 | 3.48 |$1.4 \times 10^8$ |
+| 228.2 | 2.73 |$2.3 \times 10^8$ |
+The correlation between beam profile and flux results from the stopping material which lowers the beam energy.
+===== Irradiation Configuration =====
+Three beam configurations are possible:
+  - small dual ring ==> circumference of ~3 cm radius with flat intensity profile medium beam intensity
+  - large dual ring ==> circumference of ~8 cm radius with flat intensity profile low beam intensity
+  - high beam intensity: direct beam irradiation configuration. Irradiation performed with non uniform intensity beam. The gaussian profile of the beam can be tuned changing the beam energy.
+For the **dual ring** configuration, incoming protons exit the beam pipe and then pass through foil. It then passes through the dual ring which changes the beam profile from a gaussian into a flat profile. The circumference of the beam can have a radius of either 3cm or 8cm. The maximum fluence (per day) is $\approx 5.0 \times 10^{11} p/cm^2$.
+In a ** direct proton beam** irradiation the maximum amount of beam can be delivered on the
+target. However, the beam transverse intensity distribution is gaussian instead of uniform.
+The gaussian's sigma can be tuned from 2.73 mm up to 6.92 mm, decreasing the beam energy from 228MeV down to 70MeV.
+===== Beam Application =====
+Since the TPTC is a medical facility the beam in the experimental area is available only at the end of medical treatment, that is from ~19.30 up to 22:30 Mon-Fri, 8-13 on Sat. Formal requests should be done through [[https://www.tifpa.infn.it/sc-init/med-tech/p-beam-research/ | this link]].